Spain and America enfeebled the Sultan’s power and influence through six separate historic events:
1. Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 (Spain ceded the Sultanate’s sovereignty to US without legal basis).
2. The legal intent of the Bates Treaty of August 20, 1899 toward the Sulu Sultanate.
3. June 1, 1903 –political emasculation of the Sulu Sultanate by the US government that created the Moro province.
4. The effect of the Jones Law of 1916 which provided the discussion of the Philippine independence in the US Congress.
After the Battle of Mount Dajo (March 9, 1906)
5. The Carpenter Agreement in 1919 which prejudiced the Sultanate’s position as an international institution capable of asserting sovereignty rights in the World court or in the United Nation.
6. The 1935 Philippine Constitution drafted the Sultanate of Sulu into the framework of the Philippine Republic without official notification to the government of the Sultan on the nature and intent of the Subject which is against the will of the Muslim people.
Sultanate of Sulu
and
North Borneo (Sabah)
